Last week, we looked at how to get Tone from Emotion and Action in a simple exchange of dialog:
“Jane?” Albert flipped his finger over the corner of a packet of sweetener. “What are you doing tomorrow night?”
“Nothing.” She glanced at the restroom door, where Allison had gone over ten minutes ago. “Why?”
“I thought maybe…” Flip, flip. “You and I could go out.”
Jane’s head snapped around. “Oh.” Her gaze fell to the table, where she shifted the salt and pepper shakers back and forth. Back and forth. “Well, okay. We could do that.” She glanced sideways at the restroom door.
Albert’s lips stretched wide across his teeth. “Okay, great. I’ll pick you up at eight.” He shoved the sweetener back into its container, patting it down, then folded his arms across the table.
There are a lot of “identifiers” is the above exchange. There’s at least one sentence of description with each line of dialog. The good part of that is we always know who’s speaking, as well as the tone being used. The bad part is there’s a lot of it. A bit too much.
In a regular story, the history is provided gradually, so we get to know the characters along with their likes/dislikes. In a writing exercise, that’s not always possible…but I’m going attempt it now.
Story history:
Albert has just been dumped by his long-time girlfriend, Vanessa. He’s normally fun, suave, and charming, but this breakup has him moping about. Jane has had a crush on Albert since forever, but doesn’t know what to think about this new, moping Albert. She and her friend, Allison, were out for a snack, then ran into Albert. Allison slipped away to the restroom, giving a secret thumbs-up to her friend – much to Jane’s chagrin. Jane fidgets, keeping her eyes fixed on the restroom door.
“Jane?” Albert flipped his finger over the corner of a packet of sweetener. “What are you doing tomorrow night?”
“Nothing. Why?”
“I thought maybe you and I could go out.”
Jane’s head snapped around. “Oh.” She shifted the salt and pepper shakers back and forth. Back and forth. “Well, okay. We could do that.” She glanced at the restroom door.
Albert’s lips stretched wide. “Okay, great. I’ll pick you up at eight.” He shoved the sweetener back into its container, patting it down, then folded his arms across the table.
Since we know the character’s histories and personalities (at least somewhat), it’s easier to hear the appropriate Tone even without the Action. In this exchange, the only time Action is needed is when the characters are reacting to some part of the conversation. If they aren’t reacting, their personalities combined with the story’s history can create the appropriate Tone.
This kind of thing is easy to do if there are only two speakers. But what if there are three? Or more? It can get cumbersome to give everyone some kind of Action each time he/she speaks.
Personalities can play a huge part here, as can using the “said” tag to identify the speaker. For personalities, if the characters have been well-developed, then the reader can probably identify the speaker just from what he/she says. But what if it’s not possible in a particular scene? That’s where the “said” tag comes in useful. When a character doesn’t need to react to the conversation, using “said” is the easiest way to let the reader follow the conversation.
Let’s look at the scene where Allison comes back from the restroom:
The restroom door creaked open, and Allison strolled back to the table, arms swinging. “So, what did I miss?”
“I’m taking Jane out tomorrow night.”
“Really?”
Jane blushed, nodding.
“That’s awesome!” Allison clapped her hands, face tight with excitement. “Where are you taking her?”
“There’s a great seafood place on Chester Street. I was thinking we could go there.”
“I’m allergic to seafood,” said Jane.
“Oh.” Albert’s face drooped. “Okay. Well, I’ll…I’m sure I can find something you’ll like.”
In this exchange, Jane spoke up to let Albert know of her allergy to seafood. Introducing an Action could be cumbersome, and leaving off the tag could have made the declaration confusing. So, adding in the “said” clears up who’s speaking, without detracting from the exchange.
Personally, this is the only time I’m comfortable using dialog tags. And, I
only use “said.” If I use them anywhere else, I feel like I’m being lazy. And if I ever use an adverb with a tag, I’m being ultra lazy! I’ve heard many editors and agents talk about how they hate seeing adverbs with dialog tags. It’s classic “telling,” and should be avoided. If you’ve got adverbs with your tags and you’re not sure how to get rid of them, look at the Emotion behind the dialog. Then, imagine the Actions that go with that Emotions. Write that down, and you’ll be on your way to showing instead of telling.
Geez Louise! I can’t believe how long this post has gone on. There is just one more thing I want to add: level of detail. Just as with Action, the reader doesn’t need to know all the silly, boring details that go into a conversation.
Jennifer Hubbard has already written an excellent post on this, so I will just refer you there. Less work for me. :)